Jonas had two younger brothers, Herman and Lee, a child psychologist. Salk's parents did not receive extensive formal education. His parents were Jewish Daniel was born in New Jersey to immigrant parents, and Dora, who was born in Minsk, emigrated to the United States when she was twelve. Jonas Salk was born in New York City to Daniel and Dora (née Press) Salk. Salk's personal papers are today stored in Geisel Library at the University of California, San Diego. Salk campaigned vigorously for mandatory vaccination throughout the rest of his life, calling the universal vaccination of children against disease a "moral commitment". He continued to conduct research and publish books in his later years, focusing in his last years on the search for a vaccine against HIV. In 1963, Salk founded the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, which is today a center for medical and scientific research. Less than 25 years after the release of Salk's vaccine, domestic transmission of polio had been eliminated in the United States. An attenuated live oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin, coming into commercial use in 1961. By 1959, the Salk vaccine had reached about 90 countries. Many countries began polio immunization campaigns using Salk's vaccine, including Canada, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, West Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Belgium. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and the University of Pittsburgh looked into patenting the vaccine, but since Salk's techniques were not novel, their patent attorney said, "If there were any patentable novelty to be found in this phase it would lie within an extremely narrow scope and would be of doubtful value." An immediate rush to vaccinate began in the United States and around the world. Salk was immediately hailed as a "miracle worker" when the vaccine's success was first made public in April 1955, and chose to not patent the vaccine or seek any profit from it in order to maximize its global distribution. For the next seven years, Salk devoted himself to developing a vaccine against polio. In 1947, Salk accepted a professorship at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, where he undertook a project beginning in 1948 to determine the number of different types of poliovirus. He was born in New York City and attended the City College of New York and New York University School of Medicine. Jonas Edward Salk ( / s ɔː l k/ born Jonas Salk October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995) was an American virologist and medical researcher who developed one of the first successful polio vaccines.
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